TOEFL vs IELTS: differences and information

Date of the last update: 17.01.2025

Choosing between the TOEFL and IELTS is a crucial step for many people planning to study abroad, work or migrate. Both tests are widely recognised around the world as reliable indicators of English language proficiency. What are the main differences between TOEFL and IELTS, their relevance and the purposes they may serve for potential test-takers?

Table of contents:

1. Basic information about TOEFL and IELTS
2. Format and structure differences
3. Scope and objectives of IELTS – TOEFL tests
4. Grading system
5. Upsides and downsides of both exams: IELTS vs TOEFL
6. Choosing between TOEFL or IELTS?

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Basic information about TOEFL and IELTS

TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) is a test created by the Educational Testing Service (ETS) in 1964. It is especially popular in the United States and Canada, where many universities require it to be passed as a proof of English proficiency. This test is taken entirely online and takes approximately 4 hours to complete, covering four sections: Reading, Listening, Speaking and Writing.

IELTS (International English Language Testing System) was developed by the British Council, IDP: IELTS Australia and Cambridge English Language Assessment in 1989. It is preferred by institutions in the UK, Australia and New Zealand. IELTS offers two versions: Academic (for those planning to study) and General Training (for those who want to work or migrate). The exam lasts approximately 2 hours and 45 minutes and, like TOEFL, all four parts are passed: Reading, Listening, Speaking and Writing.

Format and structure differences

Both TOEFL and IELTS consist of four sections, but differ in format and the way they are scored:

TOEFL has a greater emphasis on academic skills, while IELTS is more diverse in terms of accents and speaking styles, making it a rather more international test. 

Scope and objectives of IELTS – TOEFL tests

The TOEFL is particularly recommended for those planning to study in English-speaking countries, especially in the USA. This exam assesses language skills in an academic context, meaning that tasks are designed to reflect real-life situations encountered in American universities.

IELTS (like TOEFL) can also be used for the academic purposes, but it is also worth remembering that IELTS is often required by immigration authorities as a language proficiency test. The Academic version is dedicated to those applying for higher education, while General Training is aimed at those who wish to work or settle in English-speaking countries.

Grading system

TOEFL scores are reported on a scale of 0 to 120 points, where the average score is around 80. Threshold score requirements vary from university to university; some may require up to 110 points. For IELTS, scores are assessed on a scale of 1 to 9 points; the average score for candidates is around 6.5 and this is often considered a sufficiently communicative level of English.

Upsides and downsides of both exams: IELTS vs TOEFL

TOEFL

Upsides:

• Preferred by many universities in the US.
• Unified test format throughout the world.
• Ability to make notes during the exam.

Downsides:

• It can be more difficult for those unfamiliar with the American accent.
• The Speaking section takes place in front of a computer, which can be stressful for some passers.

IELTS

Upsides:

• Preferred by institutions in the UK and Australia.
• Speaking section is a natural conversation with the examiner.
• There are two versions available –  Academic and General Training.

Downsides:

• It can be more difficult for those not used to a British accent.
• Handwriting on paper can be problematic for those who prefer a computer.

Choosing between TOEFL or IELTS?

The decision between TOEFL and IELTS should be based on several key factors:

1. The purpose of the exam – if you plan to study in the US or Canada, TOEFL may be a better choice. However, if you intend to apply to universities in the UK, Australia or New Zealand – IELTS is a better match. Important – check which exam is preferred and accepted by the university you are going to!
2. Format preference – if you prefer an online test with a unified format, TOEFL will be suitable. However, if you want to be able to talk to an examiner, choose IELTS.
3. Accent knowledge – your experience with different English accents may influence your choice – TOEFL focuses mainly on American English, while IELTS covers a variety of accents.

Regardless of your choice between TOEFL and IELTS, solid preparation and regular language practice are key elements for success. Both exams are internationally recognised and can open doors to many educational and professional opportunities.